Neuronal Tracing Tool

Neuronal Tracing Tool Services

The neuronal connectivity by different synapses forms the brain's complex activities. So developing the technology to dissect the brain circuits became urgent in neuroscience to understand the brain functions. Currently, techniques for studying brain circuits include conventional tracers and recombinant viral vectors. The conventional tracers like CTB, HRP, PHA-L, BDAs and so on, but they have some disadvantages, such as: 1) Cell specificity cannot be achieved. 2) Efficiency is not stable. 3) The circuits of the neurons at multiple step of synaptic connections cannot be realized.

However, due to the ability to efficiently enter cells and deliver a variety of gene, genetically engineered recombinant viral vectors emerged as powerful tools for visualizing neural connectivity. The commonly used neurotropic virus, such as HSV ( Herpes simplex virus type 1), VSV (Vesicular stomatitis virus), PRV (pseudorabies virus) and RABV (rabies virus) can cross synapse from one cell to another, if we provide the protein that used for replicate. In addition, there are also SFV ( mark the fine morphology of in-situ neurons) and AAV viruses(as a helper virus to express exogenous genes or as a monosynaptic tracer with serotypes 1 ) that are used for neuronal tracing.

BrainVTA could offer AAV, VSV, PRV and RABV and HSV service to promote neuronal tracing studies.

Table 1 Recombinant viral vectors commonly used in neural circuit tracing

Type			Virus name	Classification	Genomic type
Non- transsynaptic			Adeno-associated virus, AAV	Parvoviridae	Single stranded DNA
			Canine adenovirus, CAV	Adenovirus	Double strands DNA
			Semliki Forest virus, SFV	Togaviridae	+ Single stranded RNA
			Rabies virus (Glycoprotein G-deleted), RV-∆G	Rhabdoviridae	-Single stranded RNA
			Herpes simplex virus amplicon, HSV amplicon	Herpesviridae	Double strands DNA
Trans-synaptic	Trans multisynaptic	Anterograde,multisynaptic	Herpes simplex virus, HSV H129	Herpesviridae	Double-stranded DNA
		Anterograde,multisynaptic	Vesicularstomatitis virus, VSV	Rhabdoviridae,	-Single stranded RNA
		Retrograde, multisynaptic	Pseudorabies virus, PRV	Herpesviridae,	Double-stranded RNA
		Retrograde, multisynaptic	Rabies virus,RV WT	Rhabdoviridae,	-Single stranded RNA
	Trans-monosynaptic	Anterograde, monosynaptic	Herpes simplex virus (TK-deleted), HSV-∆TK	Herpesviridae,	Double-stranded DNA
		Anterograde, monosynaptic	Adeno-associated virus,serotype 1, AAV1	Parvoviridae,	Single stranded DNA
		Retrograde, monosynaptic	Rabies virus, RV-∆G-EnvA	Rhabdoviridae,	-Single stranded RNA
		Retrograde, monosynaptic	Pseudorabies virus (TK-deleted), PRV-∆TK	Herpesviridae	Double-stranded RNA

Advantages

● Fast and high efficiency
● Strong background in neuronal tracing tool
● Hypotoxicity and strong signal
●The most competitive price

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