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Tissue optical clearing techniques have provided important tools for large-volume imaging. Aqueous-based clearing methods are known for good fluorescence preservation and scalable size maintenance, but are limited by long incubation time, insufficient clearing performance, or requirements for specialized devices. Additionally, few clearing methods are compatible with widely used lipophilic dyes while maintaining high clearing performance. Here, to address these issues, m-xylylenediamine (MXDA) is firstly introduced into tissue clearing and used to develop a rapid, highly efficient aqueous clearing method with robust lipophilic dyes compatibility, termed MXDA-based Aqueous Clearing System (MACS). MACS can render whole adult brains highly transparent within 2.5 days and is also applicable for other intact organs. Meanwhile, MACS possesses ideal compatibility with multiple probes, especially for lipophilic dyes. MACS achieves 3D imaging of the intact neural structures labeled by various techniques. Combining MACS with DiI labeling, MACS allows reconstruction of the detailed vascular structures of various organs and generates 3D pathology of glomeruli tufts in healthy and diabetic kidneys. Therefore, MACS provides a useful method for 3D mapping of intact tissues and is expected to facilitate morphological, physiological, and pathological studies of various organs.

Figure 1. MACS is applicable to the 3D pathology of glomeruli in diabetic kidneys.

In this work, the authors developed a rapid aqueous clearing method based on m-xylylenediamine (MXDA), which was firstly introduced into tissue clearing, termed the MXDA-based Aqueous Clearing System (MACS). MACS provides a useful method for 3D mapping of intact tissues and is expected to facilitate morphological, physiological, and pathological studies of various organs.
 
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